Bare Lee; See you and others mention a tempo run occasionally and with me being fairly new to running was just wondering what is a tempo run? Is it when you are listening to some tunes and running to the beat of the music?
Just kidding on that one! Really what exactly is a tempo run?
I just learned about this stuff last year. Before that I just ran a constant pace with no variation. Now, based on what I've read (and my reading has been pretty superficial, but the basics seem about the same for every author/trainer/researcher), there are three kinds of runs.
1.) You can run at an aerobic pace, which translates as a endurance or LSD (Long Slow Distance) run, or a 'recovery' run, or an easy run;
2.) You can run at or around your lactate threshold, which translates as a stamina or 'tempo' run. This should feel like you're pushing the pace a bit, but still able to sustain it for 50-60 percent of your LSD run's distance. So, for example, if I can run 9-10 miles at an aerobic pace, I should be able to run 4-6 miles at threshold pace. I find that my tempo pace is about 1 minute per mile faster than my endurance pace. My goal for this year is to be able to run 8mm pace at threshold for about an hour. That's slow for a lot of people, but would be pretty good for me. If I can do that, then my aerobic pace will probably come down to about 9mm, which is about the point at which my form really starts to feel good. So it would be nice to be able to run at that pace on my long runs.
3.) You can run below your lactate threshold, or anaerobically, which means at some point your legs will tell you to stop or slow down in order to get rid of the lactate that's building up (I think). This is what happens when your run intervals or hills or sprints or (edit) fartleks.
There are ways to measure the physiological changes associated with these different kinds of effort level, but I just go by feel. Also, aerobic and anaerobic are relative terms. Even walking is somewhat anaerobic I think, and only an all-out sprint of 100 meters or less is purely anaerobic.
Most trainers seem to agree that one should incorporate all three kinds of runs into one's weekly, monthly, or seasonal schedule, although opinions vary widely about the timing and ratios. Maffetone advocates will run many months at an aerobic or sub-aerobic pace. The Kenyans run up to 35-40 percent of the time at threshold pace. As I understand it, the trend among the elite distance runners is to emulate the Kenyans more, so folks like Ryan Hall are cutting down on volume a bit and running faster more of the time. It's a quality versus quantity issue. But it's important to note that a lot of those high-volume, 100-120 mpw guys do a lot of aerobic running simply because their bodies aren't capable of running faster more than 20-40 percent of the time--they need time to recover. So there's no reason for us lower-volume recreational runners to run long and slow as much of the time as the elites do, since our time running faster paces will still be less, and we have more time to recover.
I aim for about 40-50 percent aerobic, and run the rest at higher effort levels. But if I only run four hours a week, that's only two hours at faster-than-aerobic paces. That's not going to kill me (I hope). So I'm experimenting with running all three kinds of runs--endurance, stamina, power/speed--on my three weekly runs. If that proves too much, I'll try running two aerobic-paced runs per week, and switch between tempo pace and intervals or hills for the other weekly run. I like the variety of running all three types of runs per week, especially since I'm not one of those runners who find easy runs all that easy. When I run long and slow, I seem to feel it in my knees more than when I run faster. Right now my schedule is to run about 5-7 miles of hills on Tuesday, and 5-7 miles of tempo or intervals (440, 880, and one-mile) on Thursdays, and then run 8-10 miles on the weekend. I combine this with a 'bottom' or heavy legs and lower body st workout on Monday, a 'middle' or back st workout on Wednesday, and then a 'top' or chest and shoulders st workout on Friday, before the weekend long run, so that my legs are relatively fresh. It seems like a good schedule, but I've only been able to implement it fully for a couple of weeks now, so only time will tell.
I recommend
Hutchinson, Alex, 2011 "Which Comes First, Cardio or Weights?: Fitness Myths, Training Truths, and Other Surprising Discoveries from the Science of Exercise."
Also, check out McMillan's site:
http://www.mcmillanrunning.com/articlePages/page/21
http://www.mcmillanrunning.com/index.php/articlePages/page/8
Note he further divides the third kind of run into speed and sprint.